This paper studies distance estimation for diffusive molecular communication.The Cramer-Rao lower bound on the variance of the distance estimation error isderived. The lower bound is derived for a physically unbounded environment withmolecule degradation and steady uniform flow. The maximum likelihood distanceestimator is derived and its accuracy is shown via simulation to perform veryclose to the Cramer-Rao lower bound. An existing protocol is shown to beequivalent to the maximum likelihood distance estimator if only one observationis made. Simulation results also show the accuracy of existing protocols withrespect to the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
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